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81.
基于EOS/MODIS的若尔盖高原湿地定量遥感研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究旨在探讨EOS/MODIS影像提取若尔盖高原湿地信息的定量遥感方法.先计算MODIS影像的NDVI并将其线性变换到0~255;然后经多次试验确定区分湿地与非湿地的MODIS-NDVI阀值,并用人机交互式调整的方法消除误判像元及云的干扰,再多次试验得到区分湿地内部沼泽地和水体的阀值;通过统计不同类型湿地像元数计算湿地面积.研究表明,若尔盖高原湿地空间分布和面积具有季节差异,这与该地区降水和气温季节变化相关;采用MODIS-NDVI阀值并结合人机交互式调整的方法提取若尔盖高原夏半年的湿地信息是可行的,精度达到82%,而利用该方法提取冬半年湿地信息效果不甚理想,冬半年的MODIS影像湿地判识方法有待进一步探讨. 相似文献
82.
83.
江汉平原湿地水系统综合评价与水资源管理探讨 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
江汉平原分布着由河流湖泊-沼泽-沼泽型水稻土-潜育型水稻土组成的湿地系统。江汉平原湿地在蓄水滞洪、调节气候、水质净化、维持生物多样性和改善生态环境方面有着十分重要的作用。在探讨江汉平原湿地水系统结构和功能的基础上,提出了合理利用湿地水资源和实施科学水管理的途径,首先要对水资源和水环境进行积极的保护;其次积极实施退田还湖,增强江汉平原湿地的调蓄洪水能力,减轻洪涝灾害损失;其三是建立江汉平原水环境安全调控体系;最后将江汉平原湿地水系统管理纳入整个长江中游及长江流域的统一管理与规划之中,进行总体协调与管理。 相似文献
84.
Water contamination and remedial measures at the Troya abandoned Pb-Zn mine (The Basque Country, Northern Spain) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article describes a case of contamination of a karstic aquifer by abandoning an underground mine exploiting sulphide
ore body. To exploit the ore, the aquifer was drained and the water level declined about 230 m, drying up the spring that
had drained the aquifer up to that moment. When the mining activity ceased, the piezometric level recovered and contaminated
water began to flow out from a mine adit. The water is high in sulphates and dissolved Fe, although the pH is neutral. When
this water reached the nearby creek, the fish population was eliminated, principally due to the presence of toxic metals and
the precipitation of Fe hydroxides. The contamination originated in an area of the partially flooded mine rooms where the
ore is in contact with both air and water. The acidity generated by pyrite oxidation is neutralized by calcite dissolution.
Presently, the mine water is diverted to the old tailings pond which functions as an aerobic wetland. This action has allowed
the fish population in the creek to be restored.
Received: 20 January 1999 · Accepted: 15 March 1999 相似文献
85.
长江中游退田还湖地区农业劳动力转移特征与途径 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
本文在对洞庭湖退田还湖地区实地调查的基础上,分析了退田还湖地区农业剩余劳动力的转移特征与制约因素。结果发现,该地区总体劳动力转移的比重很低,以青壮年为主,受教育程度普遍较低,不能满足城市劳务市场的需要,另外,农民外出打工就业信息不畅、成本较高也是重要的制约因素。最后针对该地区农村经济发展与劳动力的就业状况,结合国内外相关研究资料,认为农业劳动力转移途径有:调整农业内部结构与布局,挖掘农业内部就业潜力,加强农业产业化发展,对乡镇企业进行战略性调整,与小城镇建设相结合,促进农村城镇化进程,发展湿地生态旅游业,采取积极的措施,促进农业劳动力的异地转移 相似文献
86.
Dune mining has had an enormous impact in some coastal regions. This paper reviews: the concepts of rehabilitation, restoration and revegetation as applied to dune mining for heavy minerals, the basic principles of dune rehabilitation, some case studies of rehabilitation and its success, the methods for measuring the success of rehabilitation, the process of producing a dune rehabilitation plan, and makes recommendations for pilot studies and guidelines for the implementation of the rehabilitation plan. Studies in Australia and South Africa in particular, provide successful models to draw upon in formulating the criteria and principles discussed in this paper. 相似文献
87.
Acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned underground mines significantly impairs water quality in the Jones Branch watershed
in McCreary Co., Kentucky, USA. A 1022-m2 surface-flow wetland was constructed in 1989 to reduce the AMD effects, however, the system failed after six months due to
insufficient utilization of the treatment area, inadequate alkalinity production and metal overloading. In an attempt to improve
treatment efficiencies, a renovation project was designed incorporating two anoxic limestone drains (ALDs) and a series of
anaerobic subsurface drains that promote vertical flow of mine water through a successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS)
of limestone beds overlain by organic compost. Analytical results from the 19-month post-renovation period are very encouraging.
Mean iron concentrations have decreased from 787 to 39 mg l–1, pH increased from 3.38 to 6.46 and acidity has been reduced from 2244 to 199 mg l–1 (CaCO3 equivalent). Mass removal rates averaged 98% for Al, 95% for Fe, 94% for acidity, 55% for sulfate and 49% for Mn during the
study period. The results indicate that increased alkalinity production from limestone dissolution and longer residence time
have contributed to sufficient buffering and metal retention. The combination of ALDs and SAPS technologies used in the renovation
and the sequence in which they were implemented within the wetland system proved to be an adequate and very promising design
for the treatment of this and other sources of high metal load AMD.
Received: 29 June 1998 · Accepted: 15 September 1998 相似文献
88.
B. J. M. Goes 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(3):294-304
The Hadejia–Nguru Wetlands are annually inundated flood plains in semi-arid northeastern Nigeria. The area has a unique ecosystem
that forms a natural barrier against the encroachment of the Sahara desert. Both the rich wetland vegetation and local farmers
using shallow tube wells depend on a groundwater mound (with a water table less than 6 m below the surface) that is present
in the unconfined aquifer under the flood-plain area. Using well records (1991–97) and a hydrogeologic profile based on piezometers
that were monitored for two years, it is shown that recharge through the annually inundated flood plains is the source of
the groundwater mound. Maintenance of the groundwater-recharge function of the flood plains depends on wet-season releases
from two large upstream dams. On the basis of a water-budget method, the mean (1991–97) wet-season unconfined groundwater
recharge in the flood-plain area between Hadejia and Nguru and in the immediate vicinity (1250 km2) is estimated to be 132 mm (range, 73–197 mm). Outflow from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer to the unconfined upland aquifer
is approximately 10% of the wet-season flood-plain recharge. The unconfined groundwater outflow from the flood-plain area
can provide a significant contribution to the present-day rural water supply in the surrounding uplands, but it does not offer
much potential for additional groundwater abstraction. In addition to outflow to the upland aquifer (∼14 mm), the distribution
of the annually recharged water volume of the shallow flood-plain aquifer is (1) domestic uses (3 mm), (2) small-scale irrigation
(∼15 mm), and (3) evapotranspiration ( 1 100 mm). Along the hydrogeologic profile, the recharge in the upland (i.e., outflow
from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer and possibly diffuse rain-fed recharge) is in balance with the water uses (i.e., domestic
uses, groundwater outflow, and evapotranspiration). The absence of a seasonal water-level trend in the two piezometers in
the upland indicates that no rain-fed recharge occurs through preferential path-way (macropore) flow.
Received, June 1998 / Revised, November 1998, January 1999 / Accepted, January 1999 相似文献
89.
吉林向海沼泽湿地典型剖面沉积及年代序列重建 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
沼泽湿地发育过程中堆积的各类沉积物真实地记录下区域环境演变与沼泽湿地发育过程。本文以无尾河下游漫流区——向海沼泽湿地为研究对象,对其典型沉积剖面结构、沉积物容重、年龄指标、沉积速率等多项沉积记录进行了综合剖析。结果表明:沼泽沉积物的层序关系可以揭示沼泽的形成途径及环境变化;溪边沼泽接受更多的矿质沉积物;1880-1885年该区域出现河道变迁的痕迹;向海沼泽湿地沉积速率与典型的河口三角洲类似,体现了河口尾端湿地的特点;近50年来,向海沼泽湿地沉积速率急剧上升,其原因可能与解放后该流域人类活动增强、植被破坏、水土流失严重有关,在时间上,与流域上游大型露天煤矿开采时段有较好的耦合性。 相似文献
90.